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17.1 Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs): Distributions, Early Withdrawals, 10% Additional Tax

How do I calculate the minimum amount that must be withdrawn from my IRA after age 70 1/2?

You will need to refer to chapter 1 of Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), to find out this amount. Generally the minimum distribution is computed using one of three tables found in Publication 590. Table I is used by beneficiaries. Table II is for use by owners who have spouses who are more than 10 years younger. Table III is generally for use by unmarried owners and owners who have spouses who are not more than 10 years younger.

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If I cash in an IRA account while I am in my thirties, what forms do I need to fill out?

You will need to file a Form 1040 and show the amount of withdrawal from your IRA. If all or part of the distribution is not taxable because you made nondeductible contributions to your IRA, you must completeForm 8606 (PDF) , Nondeductible IRAs and Coverdell ESAs, and attach it to your return. Form 8606 is used to determine if all or part of your distribution is tax free. Because you took the withdrawal before reaching age 59 1/2, you will need to pay an additional 10 percent tax on early distributions from qualified retirement plans of amounts includible in gross income. The amount of this additional tax is reported on line 60 of the 2006 Form 1040, unless you meet certain exceptions listed in Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs). You also may need to complete Form 5329 (PDF), Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans (including IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts, and attach it to the tax return, if required.

References:

  • Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)
  • Form 5329 (PDF), Additional Taxes On Qualified Plans (Including IRAs), and Other Tax-Favored Accounts
  • Form 5329 Instructions, Additional Taxes On Qualified Plans (Including IRAs), and Other Tax-Favored Accounts
  • Tax Topic 451, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)
  • Tax Topic 557, Tax on Early Distributions from Traditional and Roth IRA's.
  • Form 8606 (PDF), Nondeductible IRSs and Coverdell ESA's

If I cash in an IRA account while I am in my thirties, when do I pay the taxes and penalties?

Because our tax system is a pay-as-you-go system, you may need to make an estimated tax payment by the due date for the quarter in which you received the distribution. When calculating your tax liability to determine whether you need to make an estimated tax payment, your total tax for the year should include the amount of the additional 10 percent tax on early distributions from qualified retirement plans unless an exception applies.

You would calculate the tax on Form 1040-ES (PDF), Estimated Tax for Individuals, and any 10 percent additional tax on early distributions from qualified retirement plans on Form 5329 (PDF), Additional Taxes On Qualified Plans (Including IRA's) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts. Any 10 percent additional tax would go on Form 1040ES line 12 "other taxes," when completing the worksheet.

References:

  • Form 1040-ES (PDF), Estimated Tax for Individuals
  • Form 5329 (PDF), Additional Taxes On Qualified Plans (Including IRA's) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts
  • Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax
  • Tax Topic 451, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)
  • Tax Topic 557, Tax on Early Distribution from Traditional and Roth IRA's.

Can the 10% penalty for an early withdrawal from an IRA be deducted in the Adjusted Gross Income section of Form 1040 as a penalty on early withdrawal of savings?

No, the additional 10 percent tax on early distributions from qualified retirement plans you pay for a premature withdrawal of an IRA does not qualify as a penalty for withdrawal of a savings account.

References:

  • Form 1040

17.2 Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs): Rollovers

How long do I have to roll over a distribution from a retirement plan to an IRA account?

You must complete the rollover by the 60th day following the day on which you receive the distribution. (This 60-day period is extended for the period during which the distribution is in a frozen deposit in a financial institution.) The IRS may waive the 60 day requirement in certain situations, such as in the event of a casualty, disaster, or other event beyond your reasonable control. To obtain a waiver, a request for a ruling must be made including the applicable user fee. Refer to Tax Regs in English to get the Internal Revenue Procedure for requesting a ruling. A written explanation of rollover must be given to you by the issuer making the distribution. For information on distributions which qualify for rollover treatment, refer to Tax Topic 413, Rollovers from Retirement Plans. For information on the Direct Rollover Option, refer to Chapter 1 of Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).

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If I can't withdraw funds penalty free from my 401(k) plan to purchase my first home, can I roll it over into an IRA and then withdraw that money to use as my down payment?

Yes, if you are receiving a distribution from a 401(k) that is eligible to roll over into a IRA and you meet all of the qualifications for an IRA distribution for a first-time homebuyer. Your plan administrator is required to notify you before making a distribution from your 401(k) plan whether that distribution is eligible to be rolled over into an IRA. To see if you qualify for a distribution to be used as a first-time homebuyer, refer to Chapter 1 of Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).

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17.3 Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs): Roth IRA

Do I report my nondeductible Roth IRA contributions on Form 8606?

There are no forms to report a Roth contribution. The financial institution, which is the trustee of your Roth IRA, will send you information on the amount in your Roth IRA. They will also send the information to the Internal Revenue Service. Use Form 8606 (PDF), Nondeductible IRAs, if you made a nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA; converted from a traditional IRA, a SEP, or Simple IRA to a Roth IRA, received a distribution from a traditional IRA, a SEP, or a Simple IRA and made nondeductible contributions to a traditional IRA, or received a distribution from a Roth or traditional IRA.

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Can a person make a contribution to a SEP-IRA and a Roth IRA, too?

Yes, you can make a contribution to a SEP-IRA and a Roth IRA. See Chapter 2 of Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), for the requirements to contribute to a SEP and a Roth IRA. However, your SEP IRA contribution and Roth IRA contribution can not be made to the same IRA.

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17.4 Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs): Traditional IRA

Can an individual who is contributing to a SEP-IRA also contribute to a traditional IRA?

Yes, if they meet certain requirements. A SEP-IRA is considered a retirement plan, so the Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) limitations have to be considered. If your AGI, which is computed after the SEP contribution, is in excess of those limits, then the IRA contribution that you make would be nondeductible. The information on the AGI limits is in Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), in the section, How Much Can I Deduct? Your SEP IRA Contribution and Traditional IRA Contribution may both be made to your SEP IRA.

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I want to establish a traditional individual retirement arrangement (IRA) for my spouse, and I need additional information. What is the most I can contribute to a spousal IRA during the tax year?

If both you and your spouse work and both have taxable compensation, each of you can contribute to a separate traditional IRA. The amount that you can contribute to each IRA is subject to a limit. Refer to chapter 1 of Publication 590 for more information on these limits. Contributions can be made even if one spouse has little or no compensation, if you file a joint return. You can make a contribution to a separate IRA for your nonworking spouse if you file a joint return. Your total contribution to both your IRA and the spousal IRA for this year is limited by certain factors such as your taxable compensation, contributions to a traditional or Roth IRA and your age.

For additional information, refer to Tax Topic 451, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), or Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).

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Can I take an IRA deduction for the amount I contributed to a 401(k) plan last year?

No. A 401(k) plan is not an IRA. However, the amount you contributed is not included as income in box 1 of your W-2 form so you don't pay tax on it in the year you make the contribution. For more information, refer to Tax Topic 424, 401(k) Plans, Publication 575, Pension and Annuity Income, or Publication 560, Retirement Plans for Small Business.

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If I am covered by an employer sponsored retirement plan for part of the year, but work the rest of the year for an employer without a retirement plan, how much of my earnings may I deduct for a traditional IRA?

You are treated as covered by an employer sponsored retirement plan if you are covered for any part of the taxable year. The amount you can deduct will be determined by your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) and filing status. For specific information refer to Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).

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More Frequently Asked Tax Questions
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